Grain crops and forage yield resulting from the use of phosphates in integrated production system

Shivelly Los Galetto,Adriel Ferreira Da Fonseca,Igor Quirrenbach De Carvalho,Hendrik Ivan Reifur,Silvano Harkatin

doi:10.1590/s1806-66902014000500009

Shivelly Los Galetto, Adriel Ferreira Da Fonseca + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1806-66902014000500009

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the sources and levels of surface-applied (broadcast) phosphorus (P) when sowing the winter annual forages on phosphorus accumulation and yields of maize, soybean, black oat and annual ryegrass crops in a crop-livestock integration system over three years. The experiment was established in April 2009, in the municipality of Castro, Parana, Brazil. The treatments consisted of the broadcast application when sowing the winter forages of four doses (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 year-1) of total P2O5 as triple superphosphate (TSP), rock phosphate (RP-Arad) and magnesium termophosphate (MTP). The dry matter yields of black oat (2009 and 2011), annual ryegrass (2010), maize (2009/10 and 2011/12) and soybean (2010/11) and the accumulation of P in these crops were assessed. TSP provided the highest yield of total dry matter (TDM) and P accumulation only for black oat in the first year of cultivation. In the second year, MTP resulted in higher P accumulation than occurred with the other P sources in annual ryegrass and soybean, and both MTP and TSP provided higher P accumulation and grain export. In the third year, MTP provided a higher TDM yield and P accumulation for both the black oat and maize crops, resulting in the greatest residual effect over time.

Highlights

The adoption of integrated production systems, such as the crop-livestock integration system (CLIS), which enables the cultivation of grain-producing plants in the summer and forages for grazing animals during winter has been increasingly objective of current research (BALBINOT JUNIOR et al, 2009)
triple superphosphate (TSP) provided the highest yield of total dry matter (TDM) and P accumulation only for black oat in the first year of cultivation
No interaction occurred between the doses and sources of P for the GDM, residual dry matter (RDM), TDM, P-GDM, PRDM and P-TDM attributes in the forage crops of black oat (2009 and 2011) and annual ryegrass (2010)

Summary

Introduction

The adoption of integrated production systems, such as the crop-livestock integration system (CLIS), which enables the cultivation of grain-producing plants in the summer and forages for grazing animals during winter has been increasingly objective of current research (BALBINOT JUNIOR et al, 2009). The main factor limiting for crop yields has been the low soils concentrations of available phosphorus (P) (NOVAIS; SMYTH, 1999) The supply of this nutrient in CLIS has been little studied under tropical or subtropical conditions, and the crop responses that have been differed according to the source and form of P application (CHIEN et al, 2011). Anticipated phosphate fertilization may be applicable to the CLIS in which nutrient cycling (CARVALHO et al, 2010) and releasing of the organic acids (RUSSELE; FRANZLEUBBERS, 2007) are increased because of the decomposition of plant residues and animal excretions Those acids have provided a greater soluble P availability, given the competition for adsorption sites on colloidal surfaces (PAVINATO; ROSOLEM, 2008)

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