Graft patency in patients with coronary artery bypass operation complicated by perioperative myocardial infarction

Abstract

Coronary artery bypass graft patency was examined by contrast-enhanced computed tomography in 18 patients with perioperative myocardial infarction soon after surgery to determine the role of graft occlusion. Preoperative coronary angiograms were reviewed to assess native coronary disease and visible collateral channels in the distribution of the myocardial infarction. Perioperative myocardial infarction was diagnosed if creatine kinase-MB was elevated, characteristic electrocardiographic changes occurred and, in the majority of cases, the pyrophosphate scan was positive. Fourteen patients (78%) had patent grafts and perioperative myocardial infarction in the distribution of the grafted vessel. Four patients had an occluded graft with infarction in the distribution of the grafted vessel. Among the 14 patients with patent grafts, there was a significant difference (p less than 0.0005) in the degree of the mean (+/- standard deviation) diameter stenosis of 80 +/- 11% in native coronary vessels supplying the perioperatively infarcted myocardium versus a 55 +/- 12% mean diameter stenosis in the 23 bypassed native coronary vessels supplying noninfarcted myocardium. It is concluded that the majority of perioperative myocardial infarcts associated with coronary artery bypass operations are not caused by graft occlusion. The severity of coronary obstruction in the grafted vessel and the lack of collateral vessels to the region of perioperative infarction in patients with patent grafts suggests that an island of jeopardized myocardium exists that is subject to inadequate intraoperative preservation.