Abstract
Homopolymers and random copolymers are relatively homogeneous in composition throughout their bulk. At the outermost molecular layer of such materials, the surface chemistry might differ substantially from the average bulk chemistry due to orientation effects, oxidation, or contamination. Graft copolymers and block copolymers, on the other hand, often demonstrate large compositional differences between surface and bulk and these differences can be observed over many molecular layers extending from the surface into the bulk (see Figure 1). This review article will concentrate on the nature of the differences between the bulk and surface of graft and block copolymers and on methods which can be used to explore the surfaces of such systems.
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