Abstract
Data on the synthesis and study of gradient polymeric materials obtained over the last decade are summarized. The review begins with a short description of works that reported the first data on gradient materials. The following chapters deal with a detailed account of principle for preparing gradient materials of new type that provide extremely wide range of elastic modulus continuously varying in the prescribed direction. Gradient materials derived from poly(urethane-isocyanurate) net-works and their use to prepare films with elastic modulus gradient with depth are considered. A separate chapter is dedicated to composite gradient materials processed by hot molding. The one-step synthesis of poly(urethane-isocyanurate) networks and gradient materials based on poly(urethaneisocyanurate)s combined with polyurethane networks is described. Polyurethane networks and opportunities to control and vary elastic modulus in gradient materials are considered. Gradient polymers and composites constructed from poly(epoxy-isocyanurate) matrices reinforced with carbon cloth or aramid fabric are considered in detail.
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