Graded mesh modified backward finite difference method for two parameters singularly perturbed second-order boundary value problems

Abstract

The existence of boundary layers in the solutions of two-parameter singularly perturbed boundary value problems makes classical numerical methods insufficient in providing accurate approximations. Consequently, the development of layer-adapted mesh methods that achieve parameter uniform convergence and are specifically designed to accurately handle these layers becomes highly significant. The aim of this paper is to construct and examine a numerical approach for obtaining approximate solutions to a specific class of two-parameter singularly perturbed second order boundary value problems whose solutions exhibit boundary layers at both ends of the domain. The problem is discretized by employing a modified backward finite difference method on a mesh that is graded. To validate the theoretical findings, well known test problems from the existing literature are utilized. Moreover, the efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated by comparing it to other existing methods in the literature. The stability and uniform convergence with respect to the parameters of the proposed method have been verified, revealing that it attains second-order convergence in the maximum norm. The numerical outcomes illustrate that the proposed method offers remarkably accurate approximations of the solution. Theoretical findings are in agreement with the experimental results.