Abstract
Global positioning system (GPS) long-range relative positioning is commonly used for achieving centimeter-level positioning accuracy and has been widely applied to the fields of geodesy. In the future Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), the modernized GPS and Galileo are mutually compitable and both provide triple-frequency signals for civil use, and it is of high interest to investigate the performance by using the triple-frequency measurements from the two constellations. In this study, we first proposed a generalized GPS/Galileo long-range approach (GLA), which is based on the current generalized dual-frequency GPS long-range approach using both the phase and code measurements, to process the mutually-compatible modernized GPS and Galileo triple-frequency measurements. The triple-frequency GPS/Galileo performances can be evaluated by GLA, and however, the performances are affected by the unstable multipath effect on code measurements. Considering the multipath effect on code measurements, a triple-frequency phase-only long-range GPS/Galileo approach (PLA) was then proposed. The triple-frequency phase-only GPS/Galileo performances can be further evaluated by PLA. With the simulated test data (baseline length: 2243 km), it can be concluded that (1) the current positioning accuracy of daily solutions at continuous GPS tracking stations can be improved by using the GPS/Galileo dual-constellation measurements, (2) according to the performance of phase-code kinematic ambiguity resolution computed by GLA, using the triple-frequency measurements is superior to using the dual-frequency measurements, particularly when multipath or code noise is large, and (3) according to the performance of phase-only and phase-code kinematic ambiguity resolution computed by PLA and GLA, respectively, the triple-frequency phase-only kinematic ambiguity resolution outperforms the triple-frequency phase-code kinematic ambiguity resolution when severe code multipath is present.
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