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Abstract
Landmine clearance is an ongoing problem that currently affects millions of people around the world. This study evaluates the effectiveness of ground penetrating radar (GPR) in demining and unexploded ordnance detection using 2.3-GHz and 1-GHz high-frequency antennas. An automated detection tool based on machine learning techniques is also presented with the aim of automatically detecting underground explosive artifacts. A GPR survey was conducted on a designed scenario that included the most commonly buried items in historic battle fields, such as mines, projectiles and mortar grenades. The buried targets were identified using both frequencies, although the higher vertical resolution provided by the 2.3-GHz antenna allowed for better recognition of the reflection patterns. The targets were also detected automatically using machine learning techniques. Neural networks and logistic regression algorithms were shown to be able to discriminate between potential targets and clutter. The neural network had the most success, with accuracies ranging from 89% to 92% for the 1-GHz and 2.3-GHz antennas, respectively.
Highlights
Mine detection is an ongoing and increasing problem that affects millions of people around the world, because of the enormous danger that mines represent to humans
This study analyzed the effectiveness of a ground penetrating radar (GPR) system in detecting landmines and UXOs
An artificial intelligence approach based on machine learning techniques was considered with the goal of automatically detecting the targets
Summary
Mine detection is an ongoing and increasing problem that affects millions of people around the world, because of the enormous danger that mines represent to humans. Due to the long lifetime of these objects, the victims are often unrelated to the original conflict during which the mines were emplaced. Millions of mines remain buried underground, are in the arsenals of governments or are under the control of armed groups around the world [1]. These mines kill or maim someone every 20 min [2]. Mines can be rapidly placed in large quantities by unqualified personnel, but demining involves difficult and dangerous activities that require highly qualified personnel.
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