Abstract
Using a novel dual-beam readout with the generalized phase contrast (GPC) method, a multiple-beam 3D real-time micromanipulation system requiring only one spatial light modulator (SLM) has been realized. A theoretical framework for the new GPC scheme with two parallel illumination beams is presented and corroborated with an experimental demonstration. Three-dimensional arrays of polystyrene microbeads were assembled in the newly described system. The use of air immersion objective lenses with GPC-based optical trapping allowed the simultaneous viewing of the assemblies in two orthogonal bright-field imaging perspectives.
Highlights
For objects with dimensions of a few nanometers up to micrometers, minute forces due to light-matter interaction are normally strong enough to influence the motion of the particles
We have verified both theoretically and experimentally the viability of the generalized phase contrast (GPC) method with two parallel read-lights for 3D real-time micromanipulation. This implementation of the GPC setup enables the creation of a plurality of independently controllable counterpropagatingbeam micromanipulators with the use of only a single spatial light modulator (SLM)
The straightforward implementation of a bright-field mode in the side-view imaging module emphasizes the flexibility of the GPC-trapping system
Summary
For objects with dimensions of a few nanometers up to micrometers, minute forces due to light-matter interaction are normally strong enough to influence the motion of the particles. GPC has been employed in realizing a multiple-beam three-dimensional (3D) trapping system for interactive manipulation of a plurality of microscopic particles and cellular organisms in real-time [4, 5]. In these previous GPC-trapping architectures, multiple counterpropagating-beam (CB) traps were created using two addressable devices: a spatial light modulator (SLM), which provided the GPC system a reconfigurable input phase pattern (for xy position control of traps), and a spatial polarization modulator (SPM), which controlled the power ratio in each CB trap and thereby adjusted the axial position of each particle. We give our summary and some potential extensions of this work
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