Abstract
Egypt was no longer a province of the Ottoman Empire but Mohamed Ali continued to profess his allegiance to the Sultan. Mohamed Ali was tied by the Qur’an and Traditions, but otherwise had a completely free hand in running of Egypt. This chapter details the systems of rule and justice—the different courts and councils, who sat on them, what their authority was, and who could use them—and the role of sheikhs and the clergy in maintaining order on a local level, through, for example, arbitration of disputes. It also looks at the role, ranks, and power of the police and the army. This chapter is replete with case studies that illustrate the way the many different arms of authority worked.
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