Abstract

ONE OF THE FIRST STEPS President Marcos took upon declaring martial law on September 21, 1972, was to take control of the nation's mass media and to jail prominent journalists, editors, and publishers as well as many persons working in radio and television. Marcos closed all but one of Manila's 16 daily newspapers and shut down six of the city's seven television stations, allowing only the Voice of the Philippines and the Far East Broadcasting Company to continue radio service.' Strict censorship was imposed on all news and the Department of Public Information (DPI) issued guidelines requiring newspapers and radio and television stations to print and broadcast only accurate news that reflected positively on the government and the military. Editorials and society news were banned outright. These rules also applied to overseas dispatches until early October when a gradual relaxation commenced in response to pressure from foreign news agencies and foreign correspondents.

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