Abstract
Global production is largely considered a ‘silver bullet’ that can achieve sustainable energy access for all by 2030. Off-grid solar (OGS) power generation systems are a widely studied case for accelerating energy transitions for the global poor. While OGS is often analyzed at national or subnational levels, little is known about the role of global production networks (GPNs) in scaling energy access in the Global South. The present study addresses this research gap by applying a neoGramscian approach to examine interactions between GPNs and national regulatory frameworks by considering cases in the Indian and Kenyan OGS sector. Employing a comparative research design, 39 qualitative expert interviews were conducted in Hong Kong, New Delhi, and Nairobi. The study identifies two different avenues taken by coalitions of public and private stakeholders to embed GPNs in the Indian and Kenyan OGS markets. In India, a competitive approach was found to governing GPNs, whereas a distribution of labor was predominant in Kenya. Future research should further investigate how and why GPNs become part of energy transitions in the Global South to stabilize assumptions regarding the future of energy systems.
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