Governing offshore wind: is an ‘Asia-Pacific Model’ emerging?

Abstract

ABSTRACT The Asia-Pacific region is emerging as central to the deployment of offshore wind power. Large scale offshore wind involves complex governance challenges, and governments can choose to centralize and streamline processes enabling the construction of offshore wind farms. We develop a framework for comparing site selection and consenting processes for offshore wind farms, and examine whether a more streamlined and centralized model of offshore wind governance is emerging in the major Asia-Pacific markets of Japan, the People’s Republic of China, South Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam. We also examine whether policy targets and framework legislation are used in these markets, and whether renumeration schemes are being applied. We find limited evidence of convergence in some aspects of offshore wind governance, but that governance models in the region remain diverse. We suggest there remains scope for facilitating learning across different Asia-Pacific markets as governments work to ensure the governance of siting and consenting meets the needs of stakeholders, while enabling offshore wind supports rapid low carbon energy transition goals.