Gothic traditions and narrative techniques in the fiction of Eudora Welty

Abstract

In this study, Ruth D. Weston probes the whole of Eudora Welty's work to reveal the writer's close relationship to the tradition. Specifi cally, Weston shows how Welty employs the theme of enclosure and escape and settings that convey a sense of mystery, adaptations both, to create certain narrative techniques in her fi ction. Differentiating at the outset between the genre as opposed to elements of the tradition, and acknowledging both critics' and Welty's own reluctance to link her writing with the former, Weston plunges in and brilliantly discloses the relationship Welty's writing has to both, and in doing so describes a rich literary heritage to which Welty belongs. She shows how the tradition of adapting European conventions to American settings has come down to us through writers such as Hawthorne, particularly through the short story, and continues in Welty's fi ction. Among Welty's narrative techniques that Weston discusses are plot structures built around betrayal and captivity, reversal of characters' gender roles, a tone sometimes similar to that of genres such as the fairy tale or ghost story, and affective settings in gothic spaces such as the woods along the Natchez Trace. These techniques, Weston explains, help Welty in illustrating restrictions placed on the individual's search for selfhood by human relationships, cultural expectations, and memory. In addition to examining the texts themselves, Weston draws on Welty's critical and theoretical writings and her letters and other materials in archival collections. She also gleans insights from the work of contemporary narrative theorists, feminist critics, and recent commentators on the Gothic. In the course of her presentation, she offers some excellent new assessments of Welty's relation to the female Gothic and the Southern Gothic and to William Faulkner and Jane Austen. This book is one of the most informed studies to date of Welty's relation to the literary mainstream of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Welty scholars as well as general readers of American and southern literature will gain a deep appreciation for Welty's imaginative and original response to the literary tradition.