Gossypol ameliorates the IL-1β-induced apoptosis and inflammation in chondrocytes by suppressing the activation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway via downregulating CX43

Abstract

The effects of anti-inflammatory drug gossypol on osteoarthritis (OA) treatment were discussed in this paper. After identified using toluidine blue and immunofluorescence staining of type II collagen, chondrocytes from OA patients were treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β), gossypol, and overexpressed connexin43 (CX43). In treated chondrocytes, according to MTT assay and flow cytometry, gossypol increased viability and reduced apoptosis of IL-1β induced chondrocytes. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) suggested that gossypol downregulated inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α level. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot confirmed that gossypol downregulated CX43, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65, TNF-α, toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expressions. Besides, overexpressed CX43 reversed the effects of gossypol on viability, apoptosis, and expressions of factors related to TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway of IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. In conclusion, gossypol ameliorates IL-1β-induced apoptosis and inflammation in chondrocytes by suppressing TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway via downregulating CX43.