Google Trends in Infodemiology and Infoveillance: Methodology Framework.

Amaryllis Mavragani,Gabriela Ochoa

doi:10.2196/13439

Abstract

Internet data are being increasingly integrated into health informatics research and are becoming a useful tool for exploring human behavior. The most popular tool for examining online behavior is Google Trends, an open tool that provides information on trends and the variations of online interest in selected keywords and topics over time. Online search traffic data from Google have been shown to be useful in analyzing human behavior toward health topics and in predicting disease occurrence and outbreaks. Despite the large number of Google Trends studies during the last decade, the literature on the subject lacks a specific methodology framework. This article aims at providing an overview of the tool and data and at presenting the first methodology framework in using Google Trends in infodemiology and infoveillance, including the main factors that need to be taken into account for a strong methodology base. We provide a step-by-step guide for the methodology that needs to be followed when using Google Trends and the essential aspects required for valid results in this line of research. At first, an overview of the tool and the data are presented, followed by an analysis of the key methodological points for ensuring the validity of the results, which include selecting the appropriate keyword(s), region(s), period, and category. Overall, this article presents and analyzes the key points that need to be considered to achieve a strong methodological basis for using Google Trends data, which is crucial for ensuring the value and validity of the results, as the analysis of online queries is extensively integrated in health research in the big data era.

Highlights

The use of internet data has become an integral part of health informatics over the past decade, with online sources becoming increasingly available and providing data that can be useful in analyzing and predicting human behavior
Data collection and analysis of official health data on disease occurrence and prevalence involve several health officials and can even take years until the relevant data are available. This means that data cannot be accessed in real time, which is crucial in health assessment
Web-based data are used extensively in digital epidemiology, with online sources playing a central role in health informatics [1,2,52]

Summary

Introduction

The use of internet data has become an integral part of health informatics over the past decade, with online sources becoming increasingly available and providing data that can be useful in analyzing and predicting human behavior This use of the internet has formed two new concepts: “Infodemiology,” first defined by Eysenbach as “the science of distribution and determinants of information in an electronic medium, the Internet, or in a population, with the ultimate aim to inform public health and public policy” [1], and “Infoveillance,” defined as “the longitudinal tracking of infodemiology metrics for surveillance and trend analysis” [2]. Data collection and analysis of official health data on disease occurrence and prevalence involve several health officials and can even take years until the relevant data are available This means that data cannot be accessed in real time, which is crucial in health assessment. Official health data are not publicly available, and even in countries where data are available, they usually consist of large time-interval data (eg, annual data), which makes the analysis and forecasting of diseases and outbreaks more difficult

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Conclusion