Abstract
An eighteen years old female patient of the Caucasian ethnicity from New Zealand, she presented with a persistently dilated pupil causing her discomfort and occasional burning sensation when outdoor due to an oversensitivity to sunlight. However, her pupillary reaction to light (pupillary light reflex) was intact. The patient is a known user of psychedelic substances (entheogens) including LSD, NBOMe, psilocybin, and DMT. The condition affects both eyes to the same extent. A thorough medical, neurological, and radiological examination, including an EEG and an MRI of the head and neck region, were completely normal. All these tests failed to detect any pathophysiological or anatomical abnormalities. The patient is a known case of chronic endogenous depression in association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, for which she is medicating with citalopram and Ritalin respectively. There was neither a family history nor a similar congenital condition in her family. Collateral inferential statistical analyses were implemented in relation to Google Trends database to seek out relevant data in relation to psychedelic substances and their corresponding geographic mapping.
Highlights
Novel psychoactive substances (NPS), known as research chemicals or designer drugs, are a group of substances, including chemicals that can either stimulate or inhibit the nervous system, the central nervous system (Brew, 2016; Dargan & Wood, 2013)
This taxonomy is based on the structural chemistry of 252 substances that were reported to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) in between 1997 and
The data retrieved via statistical analyses of Google Trends database, the geo-mapping, provided insightful data in relation to hallucinogens
Summary
Novel psychoactive substances (NPS), known as research chemicals or designer drugs, are a group of substances, including chemicals that can either stimulate (stimulants) or inhibit (depressants) the nervous system, the central nervous system (Brew, 2016; Dargan & Wood, 2013). The exponential rise in of the NPS phenomenon is considered to be correlated with the logarithmic growth of the information and communication technologies (Al-Imam et al, 2016; Al-Imam et al, 2017) The majority of these substances possess addictive properties. Substance users and misusers may develop dependence syndrome, withdrawal manifestations, or adverse reactions (Fazel et al, 2006). These substance act on various neurotransmitters within the nervous system, including the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) (Dargan & Wood, 2013; Vaz et al, 2014). The patient had no complaint with the exception of some photosensitivity and an occasional mild burning sensation affecting both eyes
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