Google Street View assessment of environmental safety features at the scene of pedestrian automobile injury.

Abstract

Pedestrians struck by automobiles are at significant risk for mortality. Multiple environmental features have been developed to promote separation of pedestrians from motor vehicles. However, data on the effectiveness of these pedestrian traffic safety features are lacking. The purpose of this study was to use Google Street View to assess the locations of pedestrian-automobile injury and evaluate the relationship of environmental pedestrian safety features to pedestrian involved crashes. Our trauma registry was queried for pedestrians injured by automobile collision. Google Street View was used to identify safety features present at each injury location. A composite safety score was created by summing the number of safety features at each crash location. A logistic regression model was performed to evaluate the impact of safety features on mortality. Our sample consisted of 631 patients (69.3% male) with an average age of 40.4 ± 17.0 years and median Injury Severity Score of 10 (5-22). A multivariate logistic regression revealed safety score (range, 0-6) significantly predicted mortality with each one-unit increment associated with a 27.8% decrease in risk of mortality. Increasing number of safety features as represented in a composite score may decrease risk of pedestrian mortality. Google Street View appears to be a viable tool to study the presence and effectiveness of these pedestrian safety features. Epidemiological, level III.