Good long-term patients reported outcomes, return-to-work and return-to-sport rate and survivorship after posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)-based multiligament knee injuries (MLKI) with posteromedial corner tears as significant risk factor for failure

Abstract

PurposeTo assess the survival rate and associated risk factors of a wide cohort of patient’s underwent surgical treatment for posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)-based multiligament knee injury (MLKI) at long-term follow-up and to investigate the long-term patient’s reported outcomes (PROMS) and functional activity.MethodsAll cases of PCL-based MLKI performed at one single sport-medicine institution were extracted and patient’s with a minimum 2 years of follow-up included. VAS, Lysholm, KOOS, Tegner Activity level scores, the incidence and time of return to sport (RTS) and return to work (RTW) were collected before, after surgery and at final follow-up. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to investigate the outcomes associated with the patient’s acceptable symptoms state (PASS) for each sub-score of the KOOS. The Kaplan–Meier method with surgical failure (re-operation to one of the reconstructed ligaments) as endpoint was used to perform the survivorship analysis for the entire cohort.ResultsForty-two patients were included and evaluated at an average of 10 years. All PROMS significantly improved from pre- to post-surgery (range ηp2 0.21–0.43, p < 0.05) except for the Tegner score which significantly improved from pre-surgery and to final follow-up (ηp2 = 0.67, p < 0.001). RTW was achieved in the 95.2% after 2.4 ± 1.9 months. RTS was achieved in 78.6% after 6.7 ± 5.0 months. The higher number of surgeries were the significant negative predictors of PASS for the KOOS sub-scales Sport (p = 0.040) and Quality of Life (p = 0.046), while the presence of meniscal lesions was a significant negative predictor of PASS only for the KOOS sub-scale of Sport (p = 0.003). Six patients (14.3%) underwent reoperation and were considered as surgical failures. The global survivorship was 95.2%, 92.6%, 87.1%, and 74.7% at 2, 5, 12, and 15 years, respectively. The survivorship in patient undergoing PMC reconstruction surgery was significantly lower (p = 0.004; HR 7.1) compared to patients without a PMC lesion.ConclusionGood-to-excellent PROMS could be obtained and maintained at long-term follow-up after surgery, with the higher number of surgeries and meniscal lesions as significant negative predictors of the PASS. Moreover, the presence of a PMC lesion significantly increases the risk of the PCL reconstruction failure.Level of evidenceIII.