Gondwana facies started when Gondwanaland merged in Pangea

Abstract

The late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic Gondwana sequence of peninsular India and its equivalents in the present southern continents were deposited during the merging of the continents in Pangea and are a facies of the Pangean super-sequence distinguished by late Carboniferous and Early Permian glacial deposits and a provincial biota, in particular the Glossopteris flora. The Gondwana facies owes its distinctive character not to its isolation in Gondwanaland, which had merged in Pangea in the late Paleozoic, but to its mid- to high-latitude depositional environment in the Southern Hemisphere. As a free-standing continental assemblage, Gondwanaland started in the earliest Paleozoic at the breakup of a Late Proterozoic supercontinent and ended at the very inception of the Gondwana facies.