Abstract
Publisher Summary Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are the key cells regulating reproductive function in all vertebrate organisms. In mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians, the GnRH-1 decapeptide is released in a pulsatile manner from neuroterminals in the median eminence into the portal capillary vasculature, where it binds to receptors located on pituitary gonadotropes to regulate the synthesis and secretion of the gonadotropins. The chapter discusses the regulation of GnRH gene expression. The regulation of GnRH-1 neurons involves alterations in gene expression and neuroanatomical inputs. GnRH gene expression changes in response to stimuli, such as steroid hormone feedback, varies across the estrous cycle, and changes across the reproductive life cycle, particularly during pubertal maturation and reproductive aging. The most dramatic alterations in GnRH mRNA levels are seen during reproductive development in association with the pubertal process. The studies on the mechanisms for the regulation of GnRH mRNA levels suggest that a post-transcriptional process, involving an alteration in GnRH mRNA stability, possibly mediated by the GnRH poly (A) tail length, may be the primary one responsible for the control of GnRH mRNA levels.
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