Gonadotrophin and free alpha-subunit secretion in patients with acromegaly and clinically non-functioning pituitary tumors: anterior pituitary function and the effect of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone.

Abstract

The effect of the tumor size on the anterior pituitary hypofunction is analyzed in 29 patients with acromegaly and 34 patients with clinically non-functioning pituitary tumor (NFPA). Gonadotrophin and free alpha-subunit (SU) concentrations during daytime variations (samples were taken hourly for 24 h) and after stimulation with TRH were measured as well. Patients with NFPA had a higher prevalence of isolated secondary hypogonadism (20.6% vs 10.3%) and more severe pituitary failure (52.9% vs 6.9%) in comparison with acromegalic patients (p < 0.0001). However, there was no association between the tumor size and the anterior pituitary hypofunction (p = 0.1 and p = 0.9) in patients with NFPA and acromegaly respectively. In premenopausal women and in men with normal/low gonadotrophin levels, mean daytime levels of LH (0.75 +/- 0.6 vs 1.5 +/- 1.9 mlU/ml; p = 0.002) and FSH (2.1 +/- 2.7 vs 4.1 +/- 4.9 mlU/ml; p = 0.009) were higher in patients with acromegaly. There was no difference in the alpha-SU level (p = 0.9). Women with gonadotrophin levels compatible with menopause and men with elevated gonadotrophin levels had the same degree of gonadotrophin and alpha-SU elevation regardless of the tumor type. TRH induced significant rise of LH in 8 (23.5%), FSH in 5 (14.7%) and alpha-SU in 10 (29.4%) patients with NFPA. Among 29 patients with acromegaly LH rose in 6 (20.7%), FSH in 5 (17.2%) and alpha-SU in 3 (10.3%) patients. In conclusion, the anterior pituitary function is better preserved in patients with acromegaly than in patients with NFPA. It seems that the size of pituitary tumor is not the major factor in the pathogenesis of hypopituitarism in patients with macroadenomas. Gonadotrophin and possibly alpha-SU response to TRH exists not only in some patients with clinically non functioning pituitary tumors but also in some patients with acromegaly. Further investigations are need to explain if it represents a biochemical marker of a plurihormonal pituitary tumor in these patients.