Géométrie des failles et régimes de contraintes à différents stades de développement des zones transformantes océaniques: exemples de la zone sismique sud-islandaise et de la zone de fracture de Tjörnes (Islande)

Abstract

Two transform zones connecting the Icelandic rift segments and the Mid-Atlantic ridge are described and compared in terms of faulting and stress patterns. One is a diffuse shear zone of Riedel type. The other, formed by three major lineaments, reflects an alternance of moderate and very low mechanical couplings. Comparing these two transform zones at different stages of evolution shows that (1) the trend of the transform motion, as expressed in major structures, appears only when the zone is mature, and (2) a rather simple stress pattern exists at early stages of the process whereas a complex stress pattern prevails at later stages.