GOLPH3 Overexpression is Closely Correlated with Poor Prognosis in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Mediates its Metastasis Through Upregulating MMP-2 and MMP-9

Abstract

Background/Aims: Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) is a newly reported oncogene that plays a significant role in regulating cell growth. Recent research has shown that overexpression of GOLPH3 is correlated with patient survival and M classification in breast cancer and other cancers. However, the mechanisms by which GOLPH3 contributes to metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not been previously clarified and are therefore the focus of this work. Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting analysis were performed to assess the GOLPH3 protein level, small interfering RNA (siRNA) and transwell assays were conducted to investigate the role of GOLPH3 in migration and invasion, and real-time PCR was performed to estimate the level of GOLPH3 mRNA expression. Results: GOLPH3 was significantly correlated with clinicopathological variables, such as the clinical stage (P=0.012), T classification (P=0.002) and metastasis (M classification) (P=0.008), in NSCLC patients and was negatively correlated with the prognosis. Knockdown of GOLPH3 significantly suppressed the migratory and invasive ability of NSCLC cell lines and downregulated the enzyme activity and protein levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Conclusions: The expression level of GOLPH3 is correlated with metastasis and prognosis in NSCLC, and GOLPH3 mediates metastasis by regulating the protein levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in vitro.