Golden ratio between left ventricular and aortic dimensions

Abstract

Golden ratio was anciently described by Phythagoras and developed by Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci in 1202 [ 1 Henein M.Y. Zhao Y. Nicoll R. Sun L. Khir A.W. et al. the Golden Ratio CollaboratorsThe human heart: application of the golden ratio and angle. Int. J. Cardiol. 2011; 150: 239-242 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (41) Google Scholar , 2 Benavoli A. Chisci L. Farina A. Fibonacci sequence, golden section. in: Kalman filter and optimal control signal processing. 89. 2009: 1483-1488 Google Scholar ]. Numerous studies; either architectural or medical articles; have reported that the ratio of 1.618… was detected among the geometrical or anatomical constitutes of a whole structure [ [1] Henein M.Y. Zhao Y. Nicoll R. Sun L. Khir A.W. et al. the Golden Ratio CollaboratorsThe human heart: application of the golden ratio and angle. Int. J. Cardiol. 2011; 150: 239-242 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (41) Google Scholar ]. It was previously proposed to be fulfilling the aesthetical criteria among proportions of human body, limbs, and facial elements. However recent studies documented that it existed in further details and variables of cardiac structure and hemodynamic variables. It was documented that the branching of coronary anatomy from the beginning to their distals has being according to the Fibonacci sequence and Golden ratio [ [3] Ashrafian H. Athanasiou T. Fibonacci series and coronary anatomy. Heart Lung Circ. 2011; 20: 483-484 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (17) Google Scholar ]. Yetkin et al. also revealed that twenty four hours, daytime, and nighttime systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the pulse pressure presented a daily variation in accordance to golden ratio [ [4] Yetkin E. Topbas U. Yanik A. Yetkin G. Does systolic and diastolic blood pressure follow golden ratio?. Int. J. Cardiol. 2014; 176: 1457-1459 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (17) Google Scholar ]. It was also reported that although left ventricle dimensions significantly varied among healthy individuals from different ethnic populations golden ratio did not differ according to ethnicity [ [1] Henein M.Y. Zhao Y. Nicoll R. Sun L. Khir A.W. et al. the Golden Ratio CollaboratorsThe human heart: application of the golden ratio and angle. Int. J. Cardiol. 2011; 150: 239-242 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (41) Google Scholar ]. More importantly it was detected that Golden ratio of the left ventricle was significantly reduced in association with congestive heart failure due to the distortion of left ventricle [ [1] Henein M.Y. Zhao Y. Nicoll R. Sun L. Khir A.W. et al. the Golden Ratio CollaboratorsThe human heart: application of the golden ratio and angle. Int. J. Cardiol. 2011; 150: 239-242 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (41) Google Scholar ]. It has also prognostic value for the long term follow-up.