Gold–Pluronic core–shell nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation

Abstract

This study presents the synthesis of gold–Pluronic core–shell nanoparticles by a two-step method and investigates their biological impact on cancer cells, specifically nanoparticle internalization and cytotoxicity. Uniform, 9–10-nm-sized, hydrophobic gold nanoparticles were synthesized in organic phase by reducing gold salt with oleylamine, after which oleylamine-protected gold nanoparticles were phase-transferred into aqueous medium using Pluronic F127 block copolymer, resulting in gold–Pluronic core–shell nanoparticles with a mean hydrodynamic diameter of ~35 nm. The formation and phase-transfer of gold nanoparticles were analyzed by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The obtained gold–Pluronic core–shell nanoparticles proved to be highly stable in salted solution. Cytotoxicity tests showed no modification of cellular viability in the presence of properly purified particles. Furthermore, dark-field cellular imaging demonstrated that gold–Pluronic nanoparticles were able to be efficiently uptaken by cells, being internalized through nonspecific endocytosis. The high stability, proven biocompatibility, and imaging properties of gold–Pluronic core–shell nanoparticles hold promise for relevant intracellular applications, with such a design providing the feasibility to combine all multiple functionalities in one nanoparticle for simultaneous detection and imaging.