Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with plaques as the initiating factor, which will induce the destruction of periodontal tissues. Numerous studies focused on how to obtain periodontal tissue regeneration in inflammatory environments. Previous studies have reported adenovirus-mediated human β-defensin 3 (hBD3) gene transfer could potentially enhance the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) and bone repair in periodontitis. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), the ideal inorganic nanomaterials in biomedicine applications, were proved to have synergetic effects with gene transfection. To further observe the potential promoting effects, AuNPs were added to the transfected cells. The results showed the positive effects of osteogenic differentiation while applying AuNPs into hPDLCs transfected by adenovirus encoding hBD3 gene. In vivo, after rat periodontal ligament cell (rPDLC) transplantation into SD rats with periodontitis, AuNPs combined hBD3 gene modification could also promote periodontal regeneration. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was demonstrated to potentially regulate both the in vitro and in vivo processes. In conclusion, AuNPs can promote the osteogenic differentiation of hBD3 gene-modified hPDLCs and periodontal regeneration via the p38 MAPK pathway.
Highlights
Inflammatory responses and bone loss occurring in periodontitis have become the most critical and challenging problem to be solved to achieve healthy periodontal tissues (Taut et al, 2013; Bassir et al, 2016)
After AuNPs (45 nm, 10 μM) treatment and cultured for 7 days, the ingestion and positioning of AuNPs in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) were detected by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
The number of mineral nodules was higher in the adenovirus carried the human beta defensin-3 gene (Ad-hBD3) + AuNPs groups (Figures 2A,B). Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot assay were conducted on day 7
Summary
Inflammatory responses and bone loss occurring in periodontitis have become the most critical and challenging problem to be solved to achieve healthy periodontal tissues (Taut et al, 2013; Bassir et al, 2016). Human β-defensin 3 (hBD3), a small molecule cationic antimicrobial peptide consisting of 45 amino acids, is perceived to be the most promising antimicrobial peptide (Harder et al, 2001; Dhople et al, 2006). Former studies have demonstrated that hBD3 is perceived to be the most promising antimicrobial peptide and can potentially promote the osteogenic. Gold Nanoparticles Alleviate Periodontal Destruction differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) in inflammatory microenvironments (Zhou et al, 2018). Our team previously synthesized adenovirus vectors containing the hBD3 gene and successfully transfected them into hPDLCs. The enhancement effects of osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration have been observed after hBD3 gene transfection (Li et al, 2020)
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