Abstract
In the last decade, many innovative nanodrugs have been developed, as well as many nanoradiocompounds that show amazing features in nuclear imaging and/or radiometabolic therapy. Their potential uses offer a wide range of possibilities. It can be possible to develop nondimensional systems of existing radiopharmaceuticals or build engineered systems that combine a nanoparticle with the radiopharmaceutical, a tracer, and a target molecule, and still develop selective nanodetection systems. This review focuses on recent advances regarding the use of gold nanoparticles and nanorods in nuclear medicine. The up-to-date advancements will be shown concerning preparations with special attention on the dimensions and functionalizations that are most used to attain an enhanced performance of gold engineered nanomaterials. Many ideas are offered regarding recent in vitro and in vivo studies. Finally, the recent clinical trials and applications are discussed.
Highlights
IntroductionThere has been a great increase in nanotechnology research, producing numerous publications and innovative products in several fields such as energy, catalysis, optoelectronics, sensing, and biotechnology [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28]
The results show a high cell uptake of the AuNRs with respect to greater therapeutic efficacy of Neutral Red (NR) compared to NPs assessed in terms of cell viability in vitro and the
In order to obtain a dual modality positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) imaging, a gadolinium chelate-coated AuNP was conjugated to a RGD peptide and radiolabeled with 68Ga
Summary
There has been a great increase in nanotechnology research, producing numerous publications and innovative products in several fields such as energy, catalysis, optoelectronics, sensing, and biotechnology [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28]. When radionuclides emit β− or α particles (thanks to the cell-damaging properties) the radiopharmaceutical is used for therapeutic applications and, in some recent research studies, even for radio-guided surgery [34,35,36]. Some other radionuclides emitting β-particles are used in radiotherapy departments for the low-dose rate “brachytherapy” of some tumors, prostate cancer [44,45,46] Knowing this panorama, we can certainly say that the traditional health care and medical technology might be deeply influenced by the application of nanotechnology to nuclear medicine principles.
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