Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) is a new type of metal nanomaterials used in the biomedical field. Compared with ordinary metal materials and other metal nanomaterials, AuNP can be very unique. AuNP has been proven to have good performance against a variety of pathogens, and research on its antibacterial activity and mechanism has also become a hot topic in recent years. This article summarizes the antibacterial properties and clinical applications of AuNP against different kinds of bacteria and analyzes and discusses its existing and potential antibacterial mechanisms. At the same time, we also put forward the current challenges and problems to be solved by AuNP and look forward to its future development prospects, in order to correctly and comprehensively introduce this new antibacterial method.
Highlights
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), containing gold whose diameter varies from 1 to 100 nanometers, have been considered a novel material in recent years, especially in the field of nanomedicine
AuNPs are able to conjugate with aptamers, antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides, and bacterial specific antigens, which demonstrate their antibacterial activity in multiple ways: good drug delivery performance and immune response mediation
The dose–response curves from this study demonstrated that the AuNP antifungal activities are size dependent, and shapes of AuNPs have less influence (Figure 7), but the observed outcomes indicated poor regularity between size/shape and fungi-damage effect according to IC50, suggesting that the decisive effect may lie in fungi species
Summary
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), containing gold whose diameter varies from 1 to 100 nanometers, have been considered a novel material in recent years, especially in the field of nanomedicine. Bacterial drug resistance is a severe challenge in antibacterial therapy because of the abuse of antibiotics and the formation of biofilms. AuNPs are able to conjugate with aptamers, antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides, and bacterial specific antigens, which demonstrate their antibacterial activity in multiple ways: good drug delivery performance and immune response mediation. The present review concentrates attention on the antibacterial applications of AuNPs, summarizing their individual antimicrobial activities upon different kinds of bacteria and analyzing the existing and potential mechanisms behind (Figure 1) them. We will figure out that the challenges and problems AuNPs are presently confronted with and look forward to their future possibilities, aiming to develop a proper and comprehensive concept of this brand-new antibacterial approach
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