Abstract
Gold nanoparticles are popularly used in biological and chemical sensors and their applications owing to their fascinating chemical, optical, and catalytic properties. Particularly, the use of gold nanoparticles is widespread in colorimetric assays because of their simple, cost-effective fabrication, and ease of use. More importantly, the gold nanoparticle sensor response is a visual change in color, which allows easy interpretation of results. Therefore, many studies of gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric methods have been reported, and some review articles published over the past years. Most reviews focus exclusively on a single gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric technique for one analyte of interest. In this review, we focus on the current developments in different colorimetric assay designs for the sensing of various chemical and biological samples. We summarize and classify the sensing strategies and mechanism analyses of gold nanoparticle-based detection. Additionally, typical examples of recently developed gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric methods and their applications in the detection of various analytes are presented and discussed comprehensively.
Highlights
Simple and convenient technologies for the identification of chemical and biological species are of great significance in environmental monitoring, public health, and disease diagnosis [1,2]
The colorimetric response is easy to monitor with the naked eye without any sophisticated instrumentation; this assay is suitable for on-site detection [8]
A growth-based colorimetric method was performed to improve the sensing performance of this assay by using NH2OH as a reductant, which showed a good sensitivity with a LOD of 0.1 nM
Summary
Simple and convenient technologies for the identification of chemical and biological species are of great significance in environmental monitoring, public health, and disease diagnosis [1,2]. Detecting these chemical and biological species rapidly and cost-effectively with high sensitivity and specificity is challenging. 2. Aggregation-Based Colorimetric Assays Because AuNPs possess unique localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties with high molaBreecxatuinsectiAonuNcoPesffipcoiesnsetss,sthuenyiqsuheowlocsaizliez-eddepseunrdfaecnet,pdliasstminoctncroelosor ncahnacnege(Ls.SGPRen) eprarollpy,eartcieosllowiditahl hsioglhutimonolaorf e2x0tinnmctioAnuNcoPesffihcaiesnatsw, tihneey-resdhocwolosirz, ea-nddeptehnedLenSPt,Rdibsatinndctocfotlhoer c2h0annmgesA. 5T]h, esrmefaolrlem, aoglegcruelgeasti[o2n6-], binaosergdacnoilcoiroimnse[t2ri7c,2a8s]s,aeynszyhmaveeawctiidveit-ireasn[g2i9n]g, asnednsoilniggoanpupclliecoattiidoness [i3n0]p.rCotuerirnesn[t2ly5,]t,hsemsealclomloorliemcuetlreisc [a2s6s]a,yisncoarngabneicdivioindsed[2in7t,2o8t]w, oensyzystmeme sa: cltaibveitlieeds a[n2d9]l,abaenld-froeeli.gonucleotides [30] These colorimetric assays can be divided into two systems: labeled and label-free
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