Abstract
Hybrid nanocarriers with multifunctional properties have wide therapeutic and diagnostic applications. We have constructed hollow silica nanogolf balls (HGBs) and gold-embedded hollow silica nanogolf balls (Au@SiO2 HGBs) using the layer-by-layer approach on a symmetric polystyrene (PS) Janus template; the template consists of smaller PS spheres attached to an oppositely charged large PS core. ζ Potential measurement supports the electric force-based template-assisted synthesis mechanism. Electron microscopy, UV-vis, and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy show that HGBs or Au@SiO2 HGBs are composed of a porous silica shell with an optional dense layer of gold nanoparticles embedded in the silica shell. To visualize their cellular uptake and imaging potential, Au@SiO2 HGBs were loaded with quantum dots (QDs). Confocal fluorescent microscopy and atomic force microscopy imaging show reliable endocytosis of QD-loaded Au@SiO2 HGBs in adherent HeLa cells and circulating red blood cells (RBCs). Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of Au@SiO2 HGBs in RBC cells show enhanced intensity of the Raman signal specific to the RBCs' membrane specific spectral markers. Au@SiO2 HGBs show localized surface plasmon resonance and heat-induced HeLa cell death in the NIR range. These hybrid golf ball nanocarriers would have broad applications in personalized nanomedicine ranging from in vivo imaging to photothermal therapy.
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