Gold Catalysis for Heterocyclic Chemistry: A Representative Case Study on Pyrone Natural Products.

Abstract

2-Pyrones and 4-pyrones are common structural motifs in bioactive natural products. However, traditional methods for their synthesis, which try to emulate the biosynthetic pathway of cyclization of a 1,3,5-tricarbonyl precursor, are often harsh and, therefore, not particularly suitable for applications to polyfunctionalized and/or sensitive target compounds. π-Acid catalysis, in contrast, has proved to be better for a systematic exploration of the pyrone estate. To this end, alkynes are used as stable ketone surrogates, which can be activated under exceedingly mild conditions due to the pronounced carbophilicity of [LAu]+ fragments (L=two electron donor ligand); attack of a tethered ester carbonyl group onto the transient alkyne-gold complex then forges the pyrone ring in a fully regiocontrolled manner.