Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne's disease (JD) in cattle, sheep, goats and other ruminants, and Crohn’s disease in humans. MAPs are shed to external environment through feces and milk. The present study was aimed to evaluate the utility of milk as a non-invasive sample in stage II MAP infections in goats using IS900 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing analysis. A total of 32 milk samples from lactating does were collected. Within these 32 milk samples, 15 were collected from pre-confirmed JD positive goats. By IS900 PCR, all the 15 (100%) known JD positive goat milk samples revealed the presence of MAP. However, no unknown goat was identified as MAP positive. The results of this study established the usefulness of milk as a non-invasive sample in screening and confirmation of stage II MAP infection in goats.
Highlights
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne's disease (JD) in cattle, sheep, goats and other ruminants, and Crohn’s disease in humans
The JD confirmation work was done by Samuel Masilamoni Ronald using acid fast staining and IS900 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of fecal samples
Goat milk was reported to prevent replication of dengue virus by modulating the production of interleukin or by increasing the T cell function caused by the selenium (Se) present (Goldenberg, 2003)
Summary
Any clinical signs but organism is excreted in feces, while stage III shows early signs of disease and many diagnostic tests can be used to detect the infected animals, and stage IV is the obvious clinical end stage of the infection (Magombedze et al, 2013). MAPs are known to multiply in the mucosa of intestines, and are frequently shed in feces and milk or colostrum. The MAP could be isolated from milk or colostrum of clinically affected or apparently healthy animals (Grant et al, 2001; Pinedo et al, 2008). Singh and Vihan (2004) isolated MAP from milk sample of clinically infected goats. In stage I, animal is infected but does not show any clinical signs. The present study was aimed to evaluate goat milk as a non-invasive sample for the identification of stage II MAP infection
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