Abstract
Renewable-based off-grid microgrids are considered as a potential solution for providing electricity to rural and remote communities in an environment-friendly manner. In such systems, energy storage is commonly utilized to cope with the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources. However, frequent usage may result in the fast degradation of energy storage elements. Therefore, a goal-programming-based multi-objective optimization problem has been developed in this study, which considers both the energy storage system (battery and electric vehicle) degradation and the curtailment of loads and renewables. Initially, goals are set for each of the parameters and the objective of the developed model is to minimize the deviations from those set goals. Degradation of battery and electric vehicles is quantified using deep discharging, overcharging, and cycling frequency during the operation horizon. The developed model is solved using two of the well-known approaches used for solving multi-optimization problems, the weighted-sum approach and the priority approach. Five cases are simulated for each of the methods by varying weight/priority of different objectives. Besides this, the impact of weight and priority values selected by policymakers is also analyzed. Simulation results have shown the superiority of the weighted-sum method over the priority method in solving the formulated problem.
Highlights
The energy sector contributes a major portion of global greenhouse gas emissions and a 46% increase is predicted in the four decades
This study has considered a single objective to minimize the operation cost of the microgrid and battery degradation cost
Similar to the previous weighted-sum approach, five cases are considered for the priority approach
Summary
The energy sector contributes a major portion of global greenhouse gas emissions and a 46% increase is predicted in the four decades. Wind energy is more abundant in coastal areas while solar energy is considered as a major driving factor for rural electrification. The integration of locally available renewable energy to fulfill local energy demand is considered as a viable option instead of extending the national grid to remote/rural areas [4]. These small-scale power systems are generally known as off-grid microgrids, due to the absence of connection with the central utility grid. Renewable-based off-grid microgrids are beneficial for fulfilling the energy needs of remote communities considering the availability of local resources [5]. Planning and management of off-grid microgrids are challenging due to the dependence on intermittent renewable sources and the lack of connection with the utility grid
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