Abstract
Goal content, represented by intrinsic and extrinsic goals, regulates motivation. The present study was undertaken to analyze the impact of goal content leading to physical activity in older adults (60 to 90 years), on the subjective well-being variables and to evaluate the differences between such variables according to the physical activity level practiced. Structural equation models (SEM) constituted by the principles of both regression and factorial analysis was used for analyzing the data obtained from The Goal Content for Exercise Questionnaire (GCEQ), The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-short form). A substantial positive effect of extrinsic goal content on satisfaction with life (β.24) and negative affect (β.27) and a substantial positive effect of intrinsic objectives on positive affect (β.35) were observed. Health (6.03 ± 0.74) was the most important motive whereas social recognition (3.77 ± 1.36) was the least important one. Individuals with higher physical activity had greater positive effect and satisfaction with life and lower levels of negative affect. This study is of significance in comprehending the role of physical activity and well-being among older adults.
Highlights
The inherent reasons for human involvement in an activity have been broadly studied
Given the above, the main goal of the present study is to analyze the impact that the goal content that lead to the practice of physical activity in older adults may have on the variables that establish subjective well-being, as well as to analyze the differences in these variables according to the amount of physical activity practiced
In the analysis of the Tukey post-hoc test, it was verified that the results show differences in the positive affect factor between individuals who belong to categories 1 and 3 (p=0.033); in the negative affect factor between individuals who belong to categories 1 and 3 (p=0.037) and categories 2 and 3 (p=0.003); and lastly, in the satisfaction with life factor between individuals who belong to categories 1 and 3 (p=0.012) and categories 2 and 3 (p=0.036)
Summary
Motivation has been extensively investigated in many areas of expertise, as it works as an engine toward the accomplishment of any activity It can be defined as a psychological variable that leads an individual to the execution, orientation, maintenance or dropout of a physical activity or sport [1,2]. According to Deci and Ryan, this theory propounds that an individual’s motivation is mediated by the satisfaction of three basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence and relatedness), which determine behavior regulation through a motivational continuum that varies from a state of a motivation, characterized by the lack of intention to act, to a state of intrinsic motivation, characterized by the pleasure, interest, enjoyment and satisfaction that is inherent to the activity
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