Abstract
New information and communication technologies have led to the emergence of new techniques in our daily lives. Indeed, in topography, a lightning development of new techniques and new devices has been noticed. This development has given rise to a multitude of choices of devices and various classes of precision. This implies that the decision-makers have to study the adequate equipment and the appropriate technique according to the topographic task to be realized. The objective is not to compare GNSS and topographic techniques, but to point out the contribution of the Global Navigation Satelite System (GNSS) techniques of topographic work. Thus, a theoretical study with a critical eye on the scientific principle of calculating the third topographic dimension followed by a leveling campaign, Real Time Kinematic (RTK) surveys will be used in order to be able to compare and interpret the result from these campaigns. The study of the difference resulting from the practical campaigns will allow us to identify the contribution of GNSS technology.
Highlights
The execution of topographic work usually requires the prior existence of geodetic benchmarks to be used for referencing the data from the measurements
This study has helped to understand and establish the limitations of Global Navigation Satelite System (GNSS) and conventional surveying. It allowed answering several questions raised between GNSS and conventional topography
The results of this study have shown the contribution of GNSS in terms of time saving and accuracy and under certain constraints
Summary
The execution of topographic work usually requires the prior existence of geodetic benchmarks to be used for referencing the data from the measurements. With the Spatial Positioning System, most reference points are directly determined in 3D. In order to meet this requirement, a durable network of points is needed to determine the planimetric and altimetric positions of objects (or points) on the earth’s surface. It should be noted that the determination of heights generally poses more problems for professionals in countries such as Senegal, where height benchmarks are not as accessible [1]. These benchmarks are often confronted with certain physical factors leading to deformations of the earth’s crust and facto benchmarks
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