Abstract
BackgroundClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) occupied most of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which associated with poor prognosis. The purpose of this study is to screen novel and prognostic biomarkers for patients with ccRCC.Methods and resultsFirstly, Gene Expression Omnibus database was used to collect microarray data for weighted gene co-expression network construction. Gene modules related to prognosis which interest us most were picked out. 90 hub genes were further chosen in the key modules, two of which including gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 (GNRH1) and leukotriene B4 receptor (LTB4R) were screened and validated as immune-related prognostic biomarkers. Based on several public databases and ccRCC tissues collected by ourselves, we performed survival analysis, spearman correlation analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting, immunofluorescence (IF) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for the validation of immune-related prognostic biomarkers. We further explored the relationship between immune-related prognostic biomarker expressions and immunocytes. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) demonstrated that the two immune-related prognostic biomarkers were significantly correlated with cell cycle.ConclusionsGenerally speaking, the present study has identified two novel prognostic biomarkers for patients with ccRCC, which showed strong correlation with prognosis of patients with ccRCC, could further be used as potential prognostic biomarkers in ccRCC.
Highlights
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma occupied most of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which associated with poor prognosis
Screening out of two prognosis‐related modules After weeding out 21 outlier samples, 509 Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) were included for weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) (Additional file 1: Figure S1)
No-significant genes were stored in grey module, which were excluded from subsequent analysis
Summary
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) occupied most of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which associated with poor prognosis. The purpose of this study is to screen novel and prognostic biomarkers for patients with ccRCC. RCC is an adenocarcinoma derived from renal tubular epithelial cells, 85% of which are ccRCC [1]. CcRCC occupied poor prognosis [1, 2]. The prognosis of ccRCC is influenced by mechanisms covering complex networks of gene interactions [3]. Immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment, which helps immune system fight cancer [5]. More and more studies have indicated that tumors could be treated by immunotherapy effectively and safely [6, 7]. Identification of immune-related prognostic biomarkers has been one of the research hotspots in cancer treatment
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