Abstract
Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Besides surgical intervention, methotrexate (MTX) therapy is the only approved medical treatment for EP. In addition to its side effects, the rate of treatment failure could reach up to 30%. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its receptor are abundantly expressed in EP implantation sites. GnRH also has been shown to facilitate implantation by promoting trophoblast invasion. The objective of our study is to investigate the role of GnRH antagonists in inhibiting invasion, proliferation, and outgrowth in a de novo primary EP trophoblast cell model and a 3D placental explant model.
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