Abstract
This research evaluated both the existence of pre-teenager gender differences under emotional problems and the existence of a differential vulnerability in girls showing these symptoms in an adverse family environment. A sample of 133 boys and girls, aged 11 to 13, was randomly selected from high social risk schools from Concepcion, Chile. The emotional disorders were evaluated by means of surveys to the mother (Child Behavior Checklist, CBCL) and to the teacher (Teacher Report Forms, TRF) and also taking into account three self-report instruments (Youth Self Report, YRS; Cuestionario de Depresion Infantil, CDI; Cuestionario de Ansiedad-Rasgo, STAIC/R). Family adversity indicators presence was evaluated by means of a World Health Organization semi-structured interview to the mother. When considering self report, it was observed that girls report experiencing more emotional distress and depressive symptomatology than boys. Besides, girls who live in an adverse family environment significantly increase internalized behavior manifestations compared to boys under similar conditions. This indicates the existence of more vulnerability in girls to show emotional symptomatology in a negative family environment.
Highlights
Se evaluó la existencia de diferencias de género en preadolescentes en la presencia de problemas emocionales, así como la existencia de una vulnerabilidad diferencial de las niñas a presentar estos síntomas en condiciones de adversidad familiar
Palabras Clave:preadolescentes, problemas emocionales, familia, género. This research evaluated both the existence ofpre-teenager gender differences under emotional problems and the existence ofa differential vulnerability in girls showing these symptoms in an adverse family environment
The emotional disorders were evaluated by means ofsurveys to the mother (Child Behavior Checklist, CBCL)and to the teacher (Teacher Report Forms, TRF)and taking into account three self-report instruments (Youth Self Report, YRS;Cuestionario de Depresión I nfantil, CDI ;Cuestionario de Ansiedad-Rasgo, STAIC/ R)
Summary
Se evaluó la existencia de diferencias de género en preadolescentes en la presencia de problemas emocionales, así como la existencia de una vulnerabilidad diferencial de las niñas a presentar estos síntomas en condiciones de adversidad familiar. La presente investigación se focalizó en niños y niñas de 11 a 13 años, con el doble objetivo de evaluar si en este periodo ya son observables diferencias en la experiencia de síntomas de malestar emocional entre ambos géneros, y de evaluar la hipótesis de que un ambiente psicosocial adverso en la familia es un factor que afecta más a las niñas que a los niños, indicando una mayor vulnerabilidad de las primeras a este estresor. Y dada la mayor importancia que en la medición de problemas emocionales tiene la propia percepción de cada sujeto, se consideraron otros dos instrumentos de autoinforme: el Cuestionario de Depresión Infantil (CDI, Del Barrio, Moreno-Rosset & López Martínez, 1999), una de las escalas más utilizadas en el mundo en la valoración de sintomatología depresiva (Nicolau, Ezpeleta, Toro & Martínez, 1999) y el Cuestionario de Ansiedad-Rasgo de Spielberger (STAIC/R, Spielberger, 1998). Para el análisis estadístico se empleó el paquete estadístico SPSS-10, realizándose tanto análisis univariados de tipo descriptivo, como comparaciones a través de pruebas t y análisis factoriales de varianza
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