Abstract
Thiamine is an essential cofactor in several enzymatic reactions for all living organisms. Animals cannot synthesize thiamine and depend on their diet. Enhancing the content of thiamine is one of the most important goals of plant breeding to solve the thiamine deficiency associated with the low-thiamin staple crops. In this study, a Glycine max pale green leaf 1 (Gmpgl1) mutant was isolated from the EMS mutagenized population of soybean cultivar, Williams 82. Map-based cloning of the GmPGL1 locus revealed a single nucleotide deletion at the 292th nucleotide residue of the first exon of Glyma.10g251500 gene in Gmpgl1 mutant plant, encoding a thiamine thiazole synthase. Total thiamine contents decreased in both seedlings and seeds of the Gmpgl1 mutant. Exogenous application of thiazole restored the pale green leaf phenotype of the mutant. The deficiency of thiamine in Gmpgl1 mutant led to reduced activities of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), and decreased contents of six amino acids as compared to that in the wild type plants. These results revealed that GmPGL1 played an essential role in thiamine thiazole biosynthesis.
Highlights
Thiamine is a water-soluble vitamin essential to all organisms
To investigate the genetic mechanisms affecting thiamine accumulation in soybean, Glycine max pale green leaf1 (Gmpgl1) mutant was isolated from an M2 population induced by ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS)
The content of chlorophyll and carotenoid were determined in the Williams 82 and Glycine max pale green leaf 1 (Gmpgl1) mutant because the content of pigment is associated with changes in leaf color
Summary
Thiamine is a water-soluble vitamin essential to all organisms. Thiamine is widely available in green vegetables, beans, cereal embryos and nuts. TPP is the functional form of thiamine and takes part as a cofactor in plant central energy metabolizing enzymes (Mimura et al, 2016), which are pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) of glycolysis, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH) of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, transketolase (TK) of the Calvin Benson cycle. It is a cofactor in some enzymatic reactions, such as (i) in aerobic energy metabolism, (ii) carbohydrate catabolism, (iii) the pentose phosphate pathway and (iv) branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis (Linka and Weber, 2010; Bocobza et al, 2013; Khozaei et al, 2016). The major cereals, such as wheat, rice and corn, contain inadequate levels of this vitamin after processing and can lead to thiamine
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