GM polymorphism and the evolutionary history of modern humans

Abstract

Present human populations show a complex network of genetic relationships, which reflects mainly their unique origin and their migration and isolation history since the recent creation of modern man. The scrutiny of their genetic characteristics, according to GM polymorphism, shows that the continuity of the genetic variation between populations from neighbouring continents, assured by intermediate world part populations, is against any attempt to divide present human populations into major groups. GM polymorphism analysis also shows three remarkable levels of genetic differentiation, which would have appeared, respectively, within populations of sub-Saharan Africa, Europe and East Asia. The first small groups of people that split from the common ancestral population gave the sub-Saharan Africans. On the other hand, Asians diverged mainly from Europeans and Near East populations during a later period. The confrontation between the phylogeny and the frequency distribution of GM haplotypes shows that the ancestral population of actual South-Arabia people could be a candidate for a common ancestral population. The first major expansions of modern humans were proposed in a hypothetical scenario, which will open a new track in the research of our geographic origin.