Abstract
Eight new glyphosate-based herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs), containing both mono- and dianions of glyphosate (benzalkonium glyphosate, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)cocomethylammonium glyphosate, oleylmethylbis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium glyphosate, didecyldimethylammonium glyphosate, di(hydrogenated tallow)dimethylammonium glyphosate, 4-decyl-4-ethylmorpholinium glyphosate, di(benzalkonium) glyphosate, and di(bis(2-hydroxyethyl)cocomethylammonium) glyphosate) were prepared via acid–base reaction between the corresponding ammonium hydroxides (some premade) and glyphosate free acid. The transformation of glyphosate free acid into ionic liquids led to an elimination of melting points in all but one compound and significant change in solubilities. All HILs exhibited higher thermal stability than glyphosate free acid. Greenhouse testing indicated that while at a higher application rate of 360 g/ha the efficacy of all the HILs was comparable to the commercial herbicide control, at a lower application rate of 180 g/ha, the e...
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