Abstract
Sea snakes have wide application prospects in medicine, health food and other fields. Several novel polysaccharides were successfully obtained from the skin and the meat of a sea snake (Lapemis curtus). The structures of polysaccharides LSP3 and LMP3, which were extracted and purified from Lapemis curtus, were determined to be new and highly heterogenic glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) by means of FT-IR, ESI-MS/MS and NMR. LSP3 is a hybrid dermatan sulfate (DS) and composed of 48% 4-sulfated disaccharides (Di4S), 42% 6-sulfated disaccharides (Di6S) and 5% disulfated disaccharides (Di2,6S), while LMP3 is a hybrid chondroitin sulfate (CS) and composed of 70% Di4S, 20% Di6S, and 8% Di2,6S. More importantly, LSP3 and LMP3 showed a strong scavenging ability of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, iron (Fe2+) chelating activity and total antioxidant capacity in vitro, especially LSP3, with high contents of uronic acid and sulfate, which possessed a higher scavenging ability of DPPH radicals than other fractions. These data suggested that the sea snake polysaccharides could be promising candidates for natural antioxidant ingredients.
Highlights
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are polyanionic polysaccharides composed of amino sugar and uronic acid, which are widely distributed in animals
The fractions eluted by a high concentration of NaCl solution possessed a higher content of uronic acid and a lower content of protein than that of fractions eluted by pure water and a low concentration of NaCl solution
Two crude polysaccharides were extracted from the skin and the meat of Lapemis curtus (LSP and LMP), and further purified to obtain polysaccharide sub-fractions of LSP1, LSP2, LSP3 and LMP1, LMP2, LMP3, respectively
Summary
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are polyanionic polysaccharides composed of amino sugar and uronic acid, which are widely distributed in animals. According to the difference of disaccharide composition and glycosidic bond, GAGs are generally divided into four groups, namely, chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate (CS/DS), keratan sulfate (KS), heparin and heparan sulfate (HP/HS), and hyaluronic acid (HA) [1]. Antioxidant activity is a focus of intensive scientific investigations because of the ever-increasing demand of food and pharmaceutical industries to develop natural antioxidant compounds [3]. The process of oxidative stress plays a major role in the development of chronic and degenerative illness, such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, aging, cataract, rheumatoid arthritis, as well as cardiovascular.
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