Abstract
In recent years, the potential of glycosylated food components to positively influence health has received considerable attention. Milk is a rich source of biologically active glycoconjugates which are associated with antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, anti-adhesion, anti-inflammatory and prebiotic properties. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is the C-terminal portion of kappa-casein that is released from whey during cheese-making by the action of chymosin. Many of the biological properties associated with GMP, such as anti-adhesion, have been linked with the carbohydrate portion of the protein. In this study, we investigated the ability of GMP to inhibit the adhesion of a variety of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains to HT-29 and Caco-2 intestinal cell lines, given the importance of E. coli in causing bacterial gastroenteritis. GMP significantly reduced pathogen adhesion, albeit with a high degree of species specificity toward enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains O125:H32 and O111:H2 and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) strain 12900 O157:H7. The anti-adhesive effect resulted from the interaction of GMP with the E. coli cells and was also dependent on GMP concentration. Pre-incubation of intestinal Caco-2 cells with GMP reduced pathogen translocation as represented by a decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Thus, GMP is an effective in-vitro inhibitor of adhesion and epithelial injury caused by E. coli and may have potential as a biofunctional ingredient in foods to improve gastrointestinal health.
Highlights
Prevention and treatment of infectious diseases requires a thorough understanding of the complex interactions between pathogenic bacteria and the human host
Bacterial survival increases after this attachment is made, as bacteria are more resistant to cleansing mechanisms, immune factors, bacteriolytic enzymes, antibiotics and physical removal by hydrodynamic forces [3]
enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) 12900 adhesion was selected for this purpose and a concentration of 5 mg/mL was chosen for all studies thereafter
Summary
Prevention and treatment of infectious diseases requires a thorough understanding of the complex interactions between pathogenic bacteria and the human host. Bacterial survival increases after this attachment is made, as bacteria are more resistant to cleansing mechanisms, immune factors, bacteriolytic enzymes, antibiotics and physical removal by hydrodynamic forces [3]. Early prevention of bacterial adherence to the host epithelium should reduce the incidence of disease. Pathogenic Escherichia coli is one of the leading causes of intestinal (enteritis, diarrhea, or dysentery) disease. When E. coli adheres to cells lining the intestine, disruption of normal intestinal barrier function occurs. This can result in the leakage of water and plasma proteins into the lumen and
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