Glycolipids as a promising ingredient in food and pharmaceutical technologies

Abstract

The relevance of the analysis of scientific publications devoted to the study of the composition, properties, methods of preparation, areas of application, as well as the qualitative and quantitative identification of glycolipids is determined by the prospects for their use as alternative natural surfactants. Glycolipids possessing comparable surfactant properties with widely used surfactants of a petrochemical nature, and distinguished by the absence of toxicity and environmental friendliness, exhibit pronounced physiological and functional properties.Currently, there are no systematic data covering various aspects of the composition, physicochemical properties of glycolipids.The purpose of this research is to clarify the classification of glycolipids, to summarize data on the advantages and disadvantages of various industrial methods for obtaining glycolipids; systematization of data on the properties of glycolipids by application; identification of the most effective methods for the qualitative and quantitative identification of glycolipids.Particular attention is paid to the analysis of data on the possibility of isolating glycolipids from plant materials, including secondary resources of the oil and fat industry.The data presented in the review indicate that glycolipids, including those isolated from plant materials, are characterized by a high biotechnological potential for their use in the creation of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and functional foods.Of the known methods for the industrial production of glycolipids, currently the most common and cost-effective methods are those based on microbiological and enzymatic synthesis.Promising raw materials for the production of glycolipids are secondary products of processing of oilseeds – phosphatide emulsions and phosphatide concentrates containing up to 5% glycolipids in their composition. There are currently no methods for obtaining glycolipids from this type of raw material.Of the known methods for the qualitative and quantitative identification of glycolipids (TLC, HPTLC, HPLC, NMR), the most promising method is high-resolution NMR spectroscopy, as it is the most informative, rapid and accurate.