Abstract
It is well established that glycogen depletion affects endurance exercise performance negatively. Moreover, numerous studies have demonstrated that post-exercise carbohydrate ingestion improves exercise recovery by increasing glycogen resynthesis. However, recent research into the effects of glycogen availability sheds new light on the role of the widely accepted energy source for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) resynthesis during endurance exercise. Indeed, several studies showed that endurance training with low glycogen availability leads to similar and sometimes even better adaptations and performance compared to performing endurance training sessions with replenished glycogen stores. In the case of resistance exercise, a few studies have been performed on the role of glycogen availability on the early post-exercise anabolic response. However, the effects of low glycogen availability on phenotypic adaptations and performance following prolonged resistance exercise remains unclear to date. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the effects of glycogen availability on skeletal muscle adaptations for both endurance and resistance exercise. Furthermore, it describes the role of glycogen availability when both exercise modes are performed concurrently.
Highlights
Exercise can be divided in endurance- and resistance exercise
Research perspectives In this review we summarized the role of glycogen availability with regard to performance and skeletal muscle adaptations for both endurance and resistance exercise
To conclude, depletion of muscle glycogen is strongly associated with the degree of fatigue development during endurance exercise
Summary
Exercise can be divided in endurance- and resistance exercise. Endurance exercise can be further subdivided in traditional -endurance exercise and high intensity interval training (HIIT). Traditional endurance exercise is characterized by continues submaximal muscular contractions aimed at improving aerobic power production. Whereas high intensity interval training primarily consists of brief, intermittent bursts of vigorous movements, alternated by periods of rest or low-intensity movements with the purpose to improve both aerobic and anaerobic power production [1]. Resistance exercise, on the other hand involves short bursts of nearly maximal muscular contractions and primarily focuses on the development of muscle hypertrophy and/or muscular strength. The skeletal muscle adaptations are determined by the type, intensity and
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