Abstract
Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP), an energetic binder, is the focus of this review. We briefly introduce the key properties of this well-known polymer, the difference between energetic and non-energetic binders in propellant and explosive formulations, the fundamentals for producing GAP and its copolymers, as well as for curing GAP using different types of curing agents. We use recent works as examples to illustrate the general approaches to curing GAP and its derivatives, while indicating a number of recently investigated curing agents. Next, we demonstrate that the properties of GAP can be modified either through internal (structural) alterations or through the introduction of external (plasticizers) additives and provide a summary of recent progress in this area, tying it in with studies on the properties of such modifications of GAP. Further on, we discuss relevant works dedicated to the applications of GAP as a binder for propellants and plastic-bonded explosives. Lastly, we indicate other, emerging applications of GAP and provide a summary of its mechanical and energetic properties.
Highlights
Solid propellant [1] and explosive [2] formulations both include a relatively small amount of a natural or synthetic polymer
The different multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) trapping mechanism is well reflected in the mechanical properties of the Another approach to modifying the properties of Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP), reported by Tanver et al [23] relies on preparing an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN), using acyl-terminated GAP and HTPB
The authors applied these bonding agents (N,N’-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-dimethylhydantoin, 1,3,5-trisubstituted isocyanurates, cyano- hydroxylated amines and a hyper-branched polyether with terminal groups substituted by hydroxyl, cyano and ester functional groups), as coatings on HMX and ammonium perchlorate grains, in order to improve their adhesion to cured GAP (CI1, CI2), which was used as an energetic binder
Summary
Solid propellant [1] and explosive [2] formulations both include a relatively small amount of a natural or synthetic polymer. Depending on the how application commonly used, versatile a formulations particular binder is, one of the above research areas will be more prominent and others may be only and their performance Properties such as sensitivity are commonly reported, the main scarcely represented. Stemming from the two main subjects of the vast majority of recent research works, dedicated to GAP, can be classified as published reports is theat area of modifying the properties of properties bindersofand tuning them for particular attempts optimising the synthetic procedure, fine-tuning the the binder, via structural modifications, or developing new processing methods for application in particular formulations. Well as providing an insight into the potential applications of such GAP derivatives
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