Abstract
Acyl-CoA:glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) and acyl-CoA: 1-acyl-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT) are involved in the de novo synthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG) and glycerophospholipids. Many enzymes belonging to the GPAT/AGPAT family have recently been identified and their physiological or pathophysiological roles have been proposed. The roles of GPAT/AGPAT in the synthesis of TAG and obesity-related diseases were revealed through the identification of causative genes of these diseases or analyses of genetically manipulated animals. Recent studies have suggested that some isoforms of GPAT/AGPAT family enzymes are involved in the fatty acid remodeling of phospholipids. The enzymology of GPAT/AGPAT and their physiological/pathological roles in the metabolism of glycerolipids have been described and discussed in this review.
Highlights
Acyl-CoA:glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) and acyl-CoA: 1-acyl-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT) are involved in the de novo synthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG) and glycerophospholipids
Cao et al reported that AGPAT8/acyl-CoA:lysocardiolipin acyltransferase 1 (ALCAT1) catalyzed the acylation of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate, a structural isomer of PG that is located in endosomes [105]. These findings suggested that AGPAT8/ALCAT1 played a role in the remodeling of other polyglycerophospholipids, and was supported by ALCAT1 being localized in the ER, but not in mitochondria in which CL is located
We described recent advances in research on Glycerophosphate Acyltransferases (GPATs)/AGPAT family enzymes
Summary
TAG and glycerophospholipids are major constituents of glycerolipids [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. These enzymes possess four well-conserved domains that have been suggested to play a role in the activities of acyltransferases (Figure 2a) Of these enzymes, four GPATs (GPAT1, GPAT2, GPAT3/AGPAT10, and GPAT4/AGPAT6) and at least two AGPATs (AGPAT1 and AGPAT2) are known to be involved in the de novo synthesis of TAG and phospholipids. Recent evidence suggests the involvement of GPAT/AGPAT enzymes in obesity and related diseases, and we focus on the physiological and pathological roles in TAG synthesis (Sections 3 and 4). We discuss another important role of AGPATs, i.e., the fatty acid remodeling of phospholipids (Section 5). The roles of the motifs in LPCAT1/AGPAT9 were examined [13]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
