Glycemic variability and acute ischemic stroke: the missing link?

Abstract

Hyperglycemia is commonly encountered in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients in acute ischemic stroke. Hyperglycemia in stroke has been associated with poor clinical outcome, a phenomenon that has been studied in experimental models, where hyperglycemia was shown to enhance cortical toxicity, increase infarct volumes, promote inflammation, and affect the cerebral vasculature. This has led to many trials attempting to modulate the hyperglycemic response as a therapeutic and neuroprotective strategy. Intensive glycemic control has been evaluated in stroke patients, with conflicting results. The evidence linking hyperglycemia with neurotoxicity coupled with the failure of intensive glucose control regimens to improve functional outcomes in stroke suggests that novel approaches should be devised. Recent attention has been paid to another related phenomenon, that of glycemic variability, which has been proven to be a predictor of outcome in critically ill patients; however, its the impact in stroke has not been evaluated.