Glycemic profile of women with normoglycemia and gestational diabetes mellitus during early pregnancy using continuous glucose monitoring system

Abstract

AimWe studied women between 8 and 20 weeks of gestation with the aim of evaluating and comparing those having normoglycemia and GDM according to WHO 2013 criteria. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study (2017–2019), eligible pregnant women underwent a 75-g OGTT, followed by placement of a CGMS. ResultsWomen (n = 96, 58 with normoglycemia and 38 with GDM) were enrolled at 14.0 ± 3.2 weeks of gestation. Mean preprandial, 1-h and 2-h postprandial and peak glucose values were significantly higher in women with GDM. Peak glucose value was achieved 60.0 ± 12.3 and 64.3 ± 11.6 min after meal in the normoglycemia and GDM group, respectively. 24-h mean glucose (5.8 ± 0.6 vs. 5.3 ± 0.4 mmol/L), mean daytime glucose (6.0 ± 0.6 vs. 5.5 ± 0.4 mmol/L) and mean nocturnal glucose (5.4 ± 0.7 vs. 5.0 0 ± 0.5 mmol/L) were significantly higher in women with GDM. Total time spent in range was significantly lower in the GDM group compared to the normoglycemia group (92.1 vs. 98.2%). ConclusionsThis study highlights differences in glycemic patterns between women with normoglycemia and GDM in the context of a South Asian population where burden of GDM is high but good quality data in early pregnancy are limited.