Gluten-related disorders: wheat allergy and non-celiac gluten sensitivity

Abstract

Gluten-related disorders have gradually turned into an epidemiologically significant phenomenon, attracting the attention of the scientific community. Although they have specific pathogenetic pathways, they present with similar clinical manifestations, which makes their differential diagnosis challenging. The review presents current data on wheat allergy and non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Although wheat allergy is clearly defined by clinical forms and the diagnosis is based on specific diagnostic criteria, the diagnosis of non-celiac gluten sensitivity, on the contrary, can be considered only after excluding celiac disease and wheat allergy. This article describes a practical methodological approach to studying differences in the clinical presentation and diagnosis of gluten-dependent diseases.